Which of the following can be concluded from the given findings of the research? I. As per the experiment, there is some correlation between sleep and memory. II. The part of the brain involved in memory is more active during the day as compared to that during the night. III. A sleep of more than 8 hours can improve memory in older adults. IV. Memorising something immediately after waking up from an 8-hour long sleep will yield better results than memorising before sleep.

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Step-by-step explanation:

1. Interpret observation A: “The recall after 8 hours of sleep in younger adults was 65% more than that in the older adults.” If older recall = $O$, younger recall = $Y=O(1+0.65)=1.65O$. This shows an age-based difference in recall after the same sleep duration, but does not by itself establish a general sleep–memory relationship across conditions.

2. Interpret observation B: “Night-sleep had a higher negative impact on all of the participants as compared to that of day sleep of equal duration.” This directly compares memory performance after night sleep vs after day sleep of equal length and reports a consistent difference for all participants. From this it is a valid inference that the brain mechanisms supporting memory performed better (i.e., were effectively more active or effective) during the day than during the night — exactly what statement II asserts.

3. Assess statement I (correlation between sleep and memory): Although the study reports differences in recall under specific sleep conditions, the observations are comparative (night vs day, young vs old, timing of memorization) rather than a general demonstration of a measurable correlation coefficient or a direct cause–effect across a range of sleep variables. The given findings do not explicitly establish a general correlation statement in the technical sense, so I cannot be conclusively drawn from the presented points.

4. Assess statement III (sleep >8 hours improves memory in older adults): No data are given about sleeps longer than 8 hours, so this conclusion is unsupported by the observations.

5. Assess statement IV (memorising immediately after waking from 8-hour sleep is better than memorising before sleep): The experiment reports better recall when memorising before sleep for younger adults (observation C) and does not provide any direct comparison between memorising after waking versus before sleep. Therefore this statement cannot be concluded.

6. Conclusion: Only statement II is directly supported by the reported observation that day sleep produced less negative impact on memory than night sleep for all participants, which reasonably implies greater daytime activity or effectiveness of the memory-related brain systems.

FINAL_ANSWER: e

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