Under the leadership of which of the following revolutionaries was Chittagong Armoury Raid conducted?

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Step-by-step explanation:

- The Chittagong Armoury Raid was a 1930 revolutionary action in Bengal aimed at seizing the armouries and cutting communication lines to spark an uprising. The raid took place on April 18, $1930$.
- The raid was planned and led by Surya Sen (often called "Masterda"). He organized a group of young revolutionaries from Chittagong to carry out the operation.
- Badal Gupta was one of the participants in the raid, but he was not the leader. Rash Behari Bose and Hemu Kalani were revolutionary figures active in other regions/events (Rash Behari Bose elsewhere in the independence movement, Hemu Kalani in Sindh) and were not the leaders of the Chittagong action.

Therefore the correct option identifying the leader is Surya Sen, option (d).

FINAL_ANSWER: d

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