Which Article of the Constitution explains that the executive power of every state shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a state as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose?

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Step-by-step explanation:

- Read the wording: the question asks which Article states that the executive power of every State must not impede or prejudice the executive power of the Union, and that the Union’s executive power includes giving directions to a State for that purpose.

- Article-by-article check:
  - Article 261: Relates to public acts, records and judicial proceedings of each State being given faith and credit throughout India — not about executive directions.
  - Article 247: Concerns Parliament’s power to make laws for certain matters in relation to the Union and States — not the executive-direction clause.
  - Article 257: Explicitly states: the executive power of every State shall be so exercised as not to impede or prejudice the exercise of the executive power of the Union, and the executive power of the Union shall extend to the giving of such directions to a State as may appear to the Government of India to be necessary for that purpose. This is exactly the text quoted in the question.
  - Article 123: Deals with the power of the President to promulgate Ordinances — unrelated to the executive-direction provision.

- Conclusion: The described provision is Article 257, so the correct option is (3) which corresponds to choice c.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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