Palladium on barium sulphate (Pd/BaSO ) is also known as:

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Step 1: Identify the catalyst. Palladium on barium sulfate is written as Pd/BaSO$_4$ and is the classic Rosenmund catalyst.

Step 2: Known use. The Rosenmund catalyst is used for the Rosenmund reduction: hydrogenation of acid chlorides to aldehydes, e.g. $RCOCl + H_2 \xrightarrow{Pd/BaSO_4} RCHO + HCl$, often with a poison (e.g. sulfur or quinoline) to prevent over-reduction to alcohols.

Step 3: Eliminate other options. The Hillman and aldol reactions are carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions needing base or nucleophilic catalysis, not Pd/BaSO$_4$. The Cannizzaro reaction is a base-induced disproportionation of non-enolizable aldehydes and does not use Pd/BaSO$_4$.

Therefore the correct identification is the Rosenmund catalyst.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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