Which of the following battles is considered the formal beginning of the British Raj in India?

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Accepted Answer

Step-by-step explanation:

1. Identify events and dates:
   - First Carnatic War: mid-18th century (earlier Anglo-French conflict).
   - Battle of Plassey: $1757$.
   - Battle of Wandiwash: $1760$ (decisive Anglo-French conflict in south India).
   - Battle of Buxar: $1764$ (consolidated Company control).

2. Historical significance:
   - The Battle of Plassey (1757) saw Robert Clive defeat Siraj-ud-Daulah and install a compliant Nawab (Mir Jafar), giving the East India Company effective political and financial control over Bengal.
   - While the Battle of Buxar (1764) and the subsequent grant of Diwani (revenue rights) in $1765$ legally strengthened Company authority, Plassey is widely regarded as the decisive turning point that marks the beginning of British dominance in India.

3. Conclusion: The formal beginning of British rule in India is usually attributed to the Battle of Plassey (option 2).

FINAL_ANSWER: b

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