The outermost part of the Earth is known as __________.

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1. Earth's primary concentric layers, from outside to inside, are: crust, mantle, core. In compact form: $	ext{crust} 	o 	ext{mantle} 	o 	ext{core}$.  
2. The crust is the outermost solid shell; typical thickness is about $5$–$70\ 	ext{km}$ (oceanic ~5–10 km, continental ~30–70 km), while the mantle extends to ~2900 km and the core to ~3500 km, so the outermost layer is the crust.  
3. A volcano is a surface geological feature formed by magma escape, not a structural layer of the Earth.  
Therefore the correct option is (2) the crust.

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