What was the name of the wind measuring instrument invented for the first time in 1450?

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Step 1: Identify the instrument that measures wind. The instrument that measures wind speed and direction is called an "anemometer."  
Step 2: Match the options to definitions/uses. (1) Transmissometer measures visibility, (2) Dropsonde is a modern atmospheric probe dropped from aircraft, (3) Anemometer measures wind, (4) Ceiling Projector is unrelated.  
Step 3: Historical attribution. The first mechanical anemometer is credited to Leon Battista Alberti around the year $1450$, making option (3) the correct historical match.  
Therefore the correct choice is option (3) — Anemometer.  
FINAL_ANSWER: c

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