Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution CANNOT be suspended even during an emergency declared on the grounds of war or external aggression?

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Accepted Answer

Step-by-step explanation:

1. The power to suspend enforcement of Fundamental Rights during a proclamation of Emergency is provided by $	ext{Article 359}$ of the Constitution.

2. The 44th Constitutional Amendment (1978) amended $	ext{Article 359}$ to except certain rights from suspension: the right against conviction and double punishment ($	ext{Article 20}$) and the right to life and personal liberty ($	ext{Article 21}$) cannot be suspended even during an emergency.

3. Therefore: 
   - (1) $	ext{Articles 15 and 17}$ can be suspended under $	ext{Article 359}$, so (1) is incorrect.
   - (3) $	ext{Articles 14 and 16}$ can be suspended, so (3) is incorrect.
   - (4) $	ext{Article 32}$ (right to constitutional remedies) may be suspended under $	ext{Article 359}$ (except for Articles 20 and 21), so (4) is incorrect.

4. Only (2) $	ext{Articles 20 and 21}$ are protected from suspension. Hence option (2) is correct.

FINAL_ANSWER: b

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