What was the main objective of the Second Green Revolution in India?

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Step-by-step explanation:

1. Understand the options: (1) Western food security, (2) Promote conventional practices, (3) Holistic agricultural development, (4) Increase chemicals.
2. Historical context: The First Green Revolution focused on high-yield varieties, irrigation and heavy use of fertilizers/pesticides, aiming at immediate production increases. The Second Green Revolution in India emphasized balanced, region-specific, and sustainable growth — addressing regional disparities (especially eastern states), diversification, infrastructure, technology adoption and value chains rather than merely increasing chemical inputs.
3. Eliminate incorrect options:
   - (1) is too narrow (western states) — the Second GR targeted lagging regions like eastern India, not just the west.
   - (2) is wrong because the aim was to modernize and diversify, not merely promote conventional practices.
   - (4) is incorrect because increasing chemical use characterizes the First Green Revolution, not the stated objective of the Second.
4. Match the best description: Option (3) describes focusing on holistic development (sustainable productivity, diversification, infrastructure and regional balance), which aligns with the Second Green Revolution's main objective.

Therefore $c$ (option 3) is the correct answer.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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