In Newlands’ Octaves, the properties of lithium and ________ were found to be the same.

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1. Newlands' Octaves (1864) arranged elements by increasing atomic mass and noted that every 8th element had similar properties.
2. Lithium and sodium are both alkali metals. Lithium has atomic number $3$ and sodium has atomic number $11$, and $11-3=8$, so they lie one octave apart and show similar properties.
3. Among the options, (1) sodium is the element whose properties match lithium in Newlands' scheme.

FINAL_ANSWER: a

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