Which of the following statements is/are correct? i. The first green revolution led to over-exploitation of natural resources. ii. The second Green Revolution was more focused on Southern India. iii. The second green revolution ensured in achieving sustainable livelihood security.

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Step-by-step explanation:

1. Statement i — True.
   - The First Green Revolution (from the 1960s) introduced high-yielding varieties, intensive irrigation, and heavy use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. This led to increased production but also to over-exploitation of groundwater, soil degradation, and other natural-resource stresses.

2. Statement ii — False.
   - The Second Green Revolution (later policy initiatives) aimed at expanding productivity to neglected areas (especially rainfed and eastern regions) and promoting diversified, sustainable practices. It was not specifically more focused on Southern India.

3. Statement iii — True (in intent and major outcomes).
   - The Second Green Revolution emphasized diversification (pulses, oilseeds, horticulture), water-saving practices, and integrated farming systems to improve farmers' incomes and long-term livelihood security. While implementation and results varied regionally, its goals and many outcomes were directed at achieving sustainable livelihood security.

Conclusion: Statements i and iii are correct, while ii is incorrect. Therefore the correct choice is (1) i and iii.

FINAL_ANSWER: a

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