The Aryans lived in the land known as ‘Sapta Sindhu’ (Land of the Seven Rivers). Which of the following was NOT a part of it?

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### Explanation

- "Sapta Sindhu" literally means the land of the $7$ rivers (the Indus and its main tributaries) mentioned in the Rigveda.
- The usual list of rivers included in Sapta Sindhu are: Indus (Sindhu), Vitasta (Jhelum), Chenab (Asikni), Parushni (Ravi), Vipasa (Beas), Sutudri (Sutlej) and the Sarasvati — all of which are in the north-western river system.
- Shipra (also spelled Kshipra) is a central Indian river in Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) and is part of the Narmada/Chambal/Ganges catchment systems, not the north-western Indus river system.

Therefore, Shipra (option 2) was NOT part of Sapta Sindhu.

FINAL_ANSWER: b

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