When a person is NOT paying anything for public goods, it is known as _________.

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- Definition: Public goods are typically *non-excludable* and *non-rivalrous*.

- Meaning of the phrase in the question: A person who is not paying anything for a public good is consuming the good while contributing nothing (i.e., paying $0$).

- Term match: Such a person is called a "free rider".

- Eliminate other options:
  - (1) "non-excludable" describes a property of the good, not the person.
  - (2) "rivalrous" is the opposite property (when one person's use reduces others').
  - (4) "private good" is excludable and rivalrous, so not applicable.

Therefore the correct choice is option (3) — "free rider".

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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