Assertion (A): In the Demographic Transition Model, India is currently in the late third stage. Reason (R): Birth rates are falling significantly while death rates have already stabilized at a low level.**

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**Explanation**

1. **Stage 3** of the Demographic Transition shows falling birth rates and already low death rates.
2. India’s data show a clear drop in birth rate ($CBR$) while death rate ($CDR$) is low and stable.
3. This mix of trends is the marker of the late third stage, not an earlier or later stage.
4. Therefore both A and R are true, and R correctly explains A.

FINAL_ANSWER: a

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