Assertion (A): Iron and steel qualifies as a heavy industry. Reason (R): It uses lightweight inputs such as cotton and rubber.

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**1.** Assertion is true. Iron and steel are heavy industries because they use large machines and heavy raw materials.

**2.** Reason is false. These industries use iron ore, coal and limestone, not light inputs like cotton or rubber.

**3.** Since the reason is wrong, it cannot explain the assertion.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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