In the passage, the phrase “absence of assured income” for entrepreneurs implies:
Read the following passage and answer the questions based on the passage:
“In modern discussions, the dichotomy between entrepreneurship and conventional jobs has become increasingly prominent.” Traditional employment is often associated with predictability, structured growth, and a clear career path, whereas entrepreneurship attracts individuals who seek independence, innovation, and the possibility of significantly higher rewards. Yet, both routes come with their own strengths as well as unavoidable uncertainties. Employment— especially in well-established institutions—typically provides steady income, social validation, and organizational support. Employees are generally not exposed to major risks like losing capital or facing sudden market shocks. Instead, they function within defined systems of authority and responsibility, where larger risks are usually handled by senior management. For many people, this arrangement offers mental ease and a visible roadmap for advancement. On the other hand, entrepreneurship requires persistence, ingenuity, and a strong ability to deal with uncertainty. Entrepreneurs must manage fluctuating markets, complicated regulations, and irregular earnings—difficulties that are often underestimated by those who romanticize startups. Still, for people with a higher risk tolerance and creative capability, entrepreneurship can deliver a distinct sense of purpose. It enables individuals to challenge existing systems, create ventures from scratch, and potentially influence entire industries. Social attitudes add another layer to this debate. In several cultures, stable employment is treated as the standard marker of success, while entrepreneurial efforts are seen as risky or unreliable—until they achieve success. However, this mindset is slowly evolving as startup ecosystems expand and innovation becomes closely linked with development. Ultimately, the right choice is not about which option is “better,” but about matching one’s nature, priorities, and long-term vision with what each path demands. Entrepreneurship may bring freedom, but it comes with sacrifice. Employment may offer security, but it can also limit creativity. Therefore, a thoughtful and realistic approach—not blind ambition—is necessary while making this career decision.

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Accepted Answer

1. The phrase means there is no fixed or regular $income$.
2. The passage says entrepreneurs face "irregular earnings" and must manage fluctuating markets.
3. (a) is wrong — it does not mean working without pay. (c) is wrong — profit is not certain. (d) is wrong — earnings are not set by the government.
4. So the best match is **(b)**: no fixed salary or steady cash flow.

FINAL_ANSWER: b

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