What was one major unintended drawback linked to the CoWIN registration system?
Read the passage and answer the following questions. India’s COVID-19 vaccination programme—vast in ambition and reach—had to navigate a web of logistical hurdles, social resistance, and policy-level pressures. With a population exceeding a billion, the country had to deliver doses amid shifting supplies, uneven healthcare infrastructure, and varying levels of public confidence. Early distribution patterns were notably uneven: metropolitan regions received a larger share of vaccines compared to rural and remote areas. This gap was driven by centralized decision-making as well as practical constraints like weak cold-chain networks outside cities. In many far-flung locations, unreliable electricity, limited storage, and difficult transport routes made safe delivery challenging. Alongside this, vaccine doubt grew as false claims circulated online, amplifying fears about side effects or alleged motives—particularly through local-language channels. CoWIN, the digital system for registration, was a major step forward, but it also unintentionally left out many who lacked smartphones, internet access, or the skills to use such platforms, widening the digital divide. Over time, the approach was adjusted through greater state-level involvement, community outreach via trusted local and religious figures, and the use of mobile vaccination teams to reach underserved populations. Meanwhile, domestic manufacturing—especially Covishield and Covaxin—reduced reliance on external supply lines and supported “Vaccine Maitri” diplomacy. In the end, the campaign revealed India’s ability to mobilize at scale while underlining the importance of trust-building, infrastructure strength, and inclusive planning in a digitally unequal society.

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1. The passage says CoWIN was a digital system that needed smartphones and internet.
2. Many people lacked phones, internet, or the skills to use the platform.
3. These people could not register and were left out of the vaccination drive.
4. Therefore, the main unintended drawback was **leaving out citizens with low digital awareness**.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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