According to the passage, why did cities get a larger share of vaccines in the early phase?
Read the passage and answer the following questions. India’s COVID-19 vaccination programme—vast in ambition and reach—had to navigate a web of logistical hurdles, social resistance, and policy-level pressures. With a population exceeding a billion, the country had to deliver doses amid shifting supplies, uneven healthcare infrastructure, and varying levels of public confidence. Early distribution patterns were notably uneven: metropolitan regions received a larger share of vaccines compared to rural and remote areas. This gap was driven by centralized decision-making as well as practical constraints like weak cold-chain networks outside cities. In many far-flung locations, unreliable electricity, limited storage, and difficult transport routes made safe delivery challenging. Alongside this, vaccine doubt grew as false claims circulated online, amplifying fears about side effects or alleged motives—particularly through local-language channels. CoWIN, the digital system for registration, was a major step forward, but it also unintentionally left out many who lacked smartphones, internet access, or the skills to use such platforms, widening the digital divide. Over time, the approach was adjusted through greater state-level involvement, community outreach via trusted local and religious figures, and the use of mobile vaccination teams to reach underserved populations. Meanwhile, domestic manufacturing—especially Covishield and Covaxin—reduced reliance on external supply lines and supported “Vaccine Maitri” diplomacy. In the end, the campaign revealed India’s ability to mobilize at scale while underlining the importance of trust-building, infrastructure strength, and inclusive planning in a digitally unequal society.

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1. The passage says cities got more vaccines due to **centralized decision-making** and **weak cold-chain networks** outside cities.
2. It names specific problems: unreliable electricity, limited storage, and hard transport routes in rural areas.
3. It also mentions digital exclusion and local doubts, not a wholesale rural refusal or only foreign supply issues.
4. Therefore the larger city share came from centralized control plus weak rural logistics.

FINAL_ANSWER: d

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