The ‘Blue Carbon’ refers to:

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1. **Meaning**: 'Blue carbon' is the carbon stored in coastal and marine ecosystems like mangroves, seagrasses, and salt marshes.
2. **How**: These ecosystems capture and lock away $CO_2$ in plants and in sediments for long times.
3. **Not the others**: Industrial scrubbers, ship emissions, and Arctic permafrost are different and are not called blue carbon.
4. **Conclusion**: The description fits option (b).

FINAL_ANSWER: b

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