Instruction: Identify the assumptions that must hold for the statement to be valid, then choose the correct option.
Statement:
The Himalayas act as a natural barrier that prevents the monsoon winds from reaching the northern plains, thereby creating a dry region in the rain shadow area.
Assumptions:
I. The Himalayas prevent monsoon winds from reaching certain areas.
II. The rain shadow effect leads to dry conditions in specific regions.
III. Monsoon winds are the sole cause of rainfall in the northern plains.

Question

Accepted Answer

1. The statement says the Himalayas block monsoon winds to the northern plains. So **I** is implicit.

2. It says this creates a dry region called a rain shadow. So **II** is implicit.

3. The statement does not claim monsoon winds are the only cause of rain in the plains. So **III** is not implicit.

4. Therefore only I and II are assumed.

FINAL_ANSWER: a

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