Replacement-level fertility refers to:

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1. **Definition:** Replacement-level fertility means the average number of children a woman must have to "replace" herself and the father in the next generation.

2. **Typical value:** This is usually about $2.1$ children per woman. The extra $0.1$ covers child deaths and the balance of sexes.

3. **Why (c):** Option **(c)** directly says the fertility needed to replace parents.

4. **Not the others:** (a) and (b) describe population outcomes, not the specific fertility rate. (d) is unrelated.

FINAL_ANSWER: c

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