**Three statements are given, followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III.**
Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

**Statements:**
I. All phones are laptops.
II. All pen-drives are phones.
III. All pen-drives are pens.

**Conclusions:**
I. All pens are phones.
II. All laptops are pens.
III. All pen-drives are laptops.

Question

**Three statements are given, followed by three conclusions numbered I, II and III.**  
Assuming the statements to be true, even if they seem to be at variance with commonly known facts, decide which of the conclusions logically follow(s) from the statements.

**Statements:**  
I. All phones are laptops.  
II. All pen-drives are phones.  
III. All pen-drives are pens.

**Conclusions:**  
I. All pens are phones.  
II. All laptops are pens.  
III. All pen-drives are laptops.

Accepted Answer

**Solution:**

1. Analyze the statements:  
   - Statement I: All phones are laptops. So, phones ⊆ laptops.  
   - Statement II: All pen-drives are phones. So, pen-drives ⊆ phones.  
   - Statement III: All pen-drives are pens. So, pen-drives ⊆ pens.

2. Evaluate the conclusions:  
   - Conclusion I: All pens are phones. This does not follow because pen-drives are a subset of pens and phones, but pens as a whole are not necessarily phones.  
   - Conclusion II: All laptops are pens. This does not follow because phones are laptops, but no direct relation between laptops and pens is given.  
   - Conclusion III: All pen-drives are laptops. Since pen-drives ⊆ phones and phones ⊆ laptops, by transitivity pen-drives ⊆ laptops. This conclusion logically follows.

**Answer:** Only conclusion III follows.

Answer

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