In which year was the fluid mosaic model proposed by Singer and Nicolson? The model commonly represented cell membrane structure and dynamics.

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**Solution:**

1. The fluid mosaic model was proposed by S.J. Singer and G.L. Nicolson in the year **1972**.

2. This model describes the cell membrane as a dynamic and flexible structure composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins, giving it a fluid character.

3. The model was revolutionary because it replaced earlier static models and emphasized the constant motion and flexibility of membrane components.

4. The other years listed (1960, 1981, 1993) do not correspond to the proposal of this model.

**Answer:** 1972

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