After reading the passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage. A Marxist sociologist has argued that racism stems from the class struggle that is unique to the capitalist system – that racial prejudice is generated by capitalists as a means of controlling workers. His thesis works relatively well when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “radicallybased negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. However, since prejudice against these latter people was not inspired by capitalists, he has no reason that such antagonisms were not really based on race. He disposes thusly (albeit unconvincingly) of both the intolerance faced by Jews before the rise of capitalism and the early twentieth-century discrimination against Oriental people in California, which, inconveniently, was instigated by workers.
According to the passage, the Marxist sociologist’s reasoning leads him to conclude that prejudice toward Oriental people in California was

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**Solution:**

1. The passage discusses a Marxist sociologist's view that racism originates from class struggle within capitalism, where capitalists use racial prejudice to control workers.

2. While this explanation fits discrimination against Blacks in the U.S., the sociologist's definition of racial prejudice also includes hostility toward groups like the Chinese in California and Jews in medieval Europe.

3. However, since prejudice against Jews and Chinese was not caused by capitalists, the sociologist argues (though unconvincingly) that these prejudices were not truly racial.

4. The passage specifically notes that discrimination against Oriental people in California was actually initiated by workers, not capitalists.

5. Therefore, according to the sociologist's reasoning, prejudice against Oriental people in California is considered non-racial in nature.

6. Options (b), (c), and (d) are inconsistent with the passage's argument, leaving (a) as the correct choice.

**Answer:** (a) Non racial in character

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