It is a well-known fact that one can learn and remember things more effectively if both audio and visual aids are used instead of just audio. Keeping this in mind, many study sessions use videos to teach students. Cinema has been popular since its inception. People have noticed that students tend to remember movie dialogues they watched a week ago better than the lecture they attended in the morning. Which of the following options weakens the argument presented in the above statement?

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**Solution:**

1. The statement argues that learning and retention improve when both audio and visual aids are used, citing cinema and videos as effective tools.

2. To weaken this argument, we need options that challenge the effectiveness or value of audio-visual learning.

3. Option (a) supports the argument by mentioning EdTech companies launching video courses, so it does not weaken the statement.

4. Option (b) talks about cinema as entertainment, which is unrelated to the learning effectiveness claim.

5. Option (c) directly contradicts the argument by stating that study material with video and audio is a waste of time, thus weakening the claim.

6. Option (d) points out negative impacts of cinema, which could imply that cinema is not always beneficial, thereby weakening the argument.

7. Option (e) combines both (c) and (d), providing a stronger weakening effect.

**Answer:** Both (c) and (d) (Option e)

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