A recent survey indicates that religious individuals tend to be more financially successful than atheists. It is concluded that following religious pr...

Question

A recent survey indicates that religious individuals tend to be more financially successful than atheists. It is concluded that following religious practices or holding religious beliefs is not only vital for spiritual well-being but also advantageous for maintaining a healthy financial status.

Which of the following, if true, would most seriously undermine the above conclusion?

Options

A.

(a) The survey does not clarify whether people became financially successful before adopting religious practices or after.

B.

(b) Some individuals adopt religion and spirituality primarily because they believe it will help them achieve financial success.

C.

(c) Most poor people are preoccupied with earning their daily livelihood.

D.

(d) The proportion of atheists is highest in most developed countries.

E.

(e) Spiritual and religious people tend to lead more disciplined lives.

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