Which of the words/phrases (a), (b), (c), and (d) given below should replace the words/phrases given in bold in the following sentence to make it mean...

Which of the words/phrases (a), (b), (c), and (d) given below should replace the words/phrases given in bold in the following sentence to make it meaningful and grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct as it is and ‘No correction is required’, mark (e) as the answer.

A reassuring explanation could be that with rising incomes, women have the opportunity to escape harsh labour in farms and on construction sites, and focus on their families. But a more pessimistic and comprehensible realistic explanation might be that with declining farm sizes, rising mechanisation, and consequently inflating labour demands in agriculture, women are being forced out of the venture.